Both lines of research—alongside gang-associated youth and criminal justice actors—are necessary for creating policies and programs built on social scientific evidence rather than subjective and often biased assumptions.
This research would have been impossible without the participation of young men who shared their intimate experiences with gangs, violence, and social media. Anderson Elijah.
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Pyrooz David C. Rios Victor. Rivlin-Nadler Max. Sampson Robert J. Sela-Shayovitz Revital. Sharkey Patrick. New York : Norton. Shklovski Irina , Vertesi Janet. Small Mario Luis. Stuart Forrest , Benezra Ava. Tarm Michael. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Sign In or Create an Account. Sign In. Advanced Search. Search Menu. Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation. Volume Article Contents Abstract. Forrest Stuart Forrest Stuart. Stanford University. Oxford Academic. Select Format Select format. Permissions Icon Permissions. Abstract Academics, criminal justice professionals, and news outlets have warned that gang-associated youth use social media to taunt rivals and trade insults in ways that cause offline retaliation.
Google Scholar Crossref. Search ADS. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals. Issue Section:. Download all slides. View Metrics. Email alerts Article activity alert. Advance article alerts. New issue alert. Public health issues affect the safety of entire communities and the level of violence that gangs pose to themselves and society is cause for great concern.
While there has been a decline in overall crime rates in the last several years, gang violence is alarmingly on the rise. It is estimated that gang-related homicides typically account for 13 percent of all homicides annually. Gang violence sits at the intersection of criminal justice and public health, and addressing the issue requires an integrated, holistic approach.
Some criminal justice and public health leaders are seeking to develop theoretical and methodological linkages between the two fields to effectively address challenges posed by gangs. There is a terminology and taxonomical challenge in combining the two terms: Epidemiology typically refers to the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population; Criminology is the study of crime and delinquency as a social phenomenon.
Although they may seem unrelated, if you look at methods of disease control to help prevent social issues that lead to crime, you have a working model for dealing with criminal behavior.
When applied to gang violence, epidemiological criminology can provide more focused prevention strategies by identifying at-risk populations for joining gangs. With law enforcement already tracking crime patterns with technologies such as ArcGIS , why not cross-utilize those crime patterns to measure public health and provide a continuity of care for neighborhoods that struggle with gang violence? Combating gang violence requires a holistic approach that looks at driving factors, the impact on the criminal justice system, and prevention methods to protect society.
It is an inter-disciplinary process and both criminal justice and public health stakeholders must continue to create common terminology, conduct research e. Good research paves the way for successful crime prevention strategies and, ultimately, for safer communities.
Data tells us what is working and what is not. For example, high recidivism rates across the board show us that the corrections system, which focuses on punishment over treatment , is not working. Among those most likely to fall into the cycle of recidivism are gang members. How can we improve reentry strategies , reduce recidivism, and prevent overall gang violence? Prior research in the last two decades on subculture theory has provided an influential information tool to raise awareness regarding the need for gang violence prevention reform.
They are initially attracted to the prestige and cash flow, which is glamorized by the street gang. Many gangs are actively involved in criminal misconduct, such as drug and gun trafficking, burglaries and homicides. However, street gangs are not just a criminal justice issue, but a social problem, which is triggered by poverty, peer pressure, boredom, despair and lacking a sense of belonging.
Although it is not illegal to be a member of a gang, it should be noted many gangs participate in illegal activity for funding and will use the money as a way to entice new membership. Many times individuals turn to a gang to escape a life of poverty or financial uncertainty. A sense of hopelessness and desperation can result from being unable to provide the basic necessities. Individuals who are faced with a lack of money many times turn to crime if they cannot earn enough at a legitimate job to support themselves or their families.
Get Access. Gang Violence And The United States Words 6 Pages Gangs have been a part of American culture in the United States since the early 19th century when immigrant youth organized themselves into street gangs as a means of urban and economic survival.
Read More. Strategies for Alleviating the Gang Crime Problem Essay Words 13 Pages definition of a gang crime by the law enforcement officials takes two dimensions but they employ one of the definitions in order to measure and tackle this problem in the society. Gangs and Violence in California Essay Words 15 Pages Gangs and Violence in California This paper was done in response to an article that I came across in which a child was convicted as an adult for homicide.
I've only seen into this world through media; which, as we know, can be wildly inaccurate and rarely provides the full story. But I think that's where the importance of Levitt's credibility comes into play.
Gangs are believed to be a type of human conflict in sociology. Some believe that gangs are a problem because they have been around within society and therefore it is assumed to be a problem.
However some think that it is manufactured paranoia that is created by people who want to assert fear and panic to profit from such as to agencies and special groups. Knowing that Gangs inflict problems in society makes society believe that gangs are the roots of all problem, therefore it is a social problem, however this is argued to be contradictory as people themselves can create the problem by pinning it on what society has already agreed to be unacceptable.
To understand the nature of gangs and to know if they are a social problem, you have to break …show more content… Most gangs include mainly male people who can range up to the ages of 12 to 25 years old. Gangs are commonly found in large cities, which either include a white dominant race or a black dominant race. They follow a consistent pattern of either being truants and come from unsupportive families.
They can also be people who are unemployed and struggling to make means and therefore they result to gang activities. They are seen to be associated with criminal activity and violent behavior as well as prostitution and drug laundering including many other criminal offenses. Due to gangs being in transgressing behavior it can be viewed as a social problem.
However gang related activities could be based on how you define the term. George W. Knox, the creator of the National Gang Crime Research Center, believes that it depends on who defines the term.
Such as a politician, a researcher or a government official. Much of whether gangs are seen as a social problem comes from perspective. Many external factors such as the media and personal opinions encourage a bad outlook on gangs.
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