Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy may be taken by pill, or it may be put into the body by a needle in the vein or muscle. Chemotherapy is called a systemic treatment because the drug enters the bloodstream, travels through the body, and can kill cancer cells outside the thyroid. Treatment of cancer of the thyroid depends on the type and stage of the disease, and the patient's age and overall health.
Standard treatment may be considered because of its effectiveness in patients in past studies, or participation in a clinical trial may be considered. Not all patients are cured with standard therapy and some standard treatments may have more side effects than are desired. For these reasons, clinical trials are designed to find better ways to treat cancer patients and are based on the most up-to-date information. Clinical trials are ongoing in many parts of the country for some patients with cancer of the thyroid.
Surgery to remove one lobe of the thyroid lobectomy , followed by hormone therapy. Radioactive iodine also may be given following surgery. Surgery to remove the thyroid total thyroidectomy. Surgery to remove one lobe of the thyroid lobectomy and lymph nodes that contain cancer, followed by hormone therapy. Surgery to remove the entire thyroid total thyroidectomy and lymph nodes where cancer has spread. Total thyroidectomy followed by radiation therapy with radioactive iodine or external beam radiation therapy.
Surgery to remove the entire thyroid total thyroidectomy and lymph nodes or other tissues around the thyroid where the cancer has spread. Total thyroidectomy followed by radioactive iodine or external beam radiation therapy. Radioactive iodine. External beam radiation therapy. Hormone therapy. A clinical trial of chemotherapy. Treatment will probably be surgery to remove the entire thyroid total thyroidectomy unless the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. If lymph nodes in the neck contain cancer, the lymph nodes in the neck will be removed lymph node dissection.
If the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, chemotherapy may be given. Surgery to remove the thyroid and the tissues around it. Because this cancer often spreads very quickly to other tissues, a doctor may have to take out part of the tube through which a person breathes.
The doctor will then make an airway in the throat so the patient can breathe. This is called a tracheostomy. Total thyroidectomy to reduce symptoms if the disease remains in the area of the thyroid. Clinical trials studying new methods of treatment of thyroid cancer. The choice of treatment depends on the type of thyroid cancer the patient has, the kind of treatment the patient had before, and where the cancer comes back. The cells in these cancers look a lot like normal thyroid tissue when seen in the lab.
These cancers develop from thyroid follicular cells. Papillary cancer also called papillary carcinomas or papillary adenocarcinomas : About 8 out of 10 thyroid cancers are papillary cancers. These cancers tend to grow very slowly and usually develop in only one lobe of the thyroid gland. Even though they grow slowly, papillary cancers often spread to the lymph nodes in the neck.
Even when these cancers have spread to the lymph nodes, they can often be treated successfully and are rarely fatal. There are several subtypes of papillary cancers. Of these, the follicular subtype also called mixed papillary-follicular variant is most common.
It has the same good outlook prognosis as the standard type of papillary cancer when found early, and they are treated the same way.
Other subtypes of papillary carcinoma columnar, tall cell, insular, and diffuse sclerosing are not as common and tend to grow and spread more quickly. Follicular cancer also called follicular carcinoma or follicular adenocarcinoma : Follicular cancer is the next most common type, making up about 1 out of 10 thyroid cancers.
These cancers usually do not spread to lymph nodes, but they can spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs or bones. The outlook prognosis for follicular cancer is not quite as good as that of papillary cancer, although it is still very good in most cases. It is harder to find and to treat. It develops from the C cells of the thyroid gland, which normally make calcitonin, a hormone that helps control the amount of calcium in blood.
Sometimes this cancer can spread to lymph nodes, the lungs, or liver even before a thyroid nodule is discovered. It is thought to sometimes develop from an existing papillary or follicular cancer. There are several different types of thyroid cancer , which are classified based on how similar they look to normal thyroid cells under a microscope and by the type of cell from which they develop.
Papillary carcinoma is the most common type of thyroid cancer , accounting for approximately 80 percent of cases. Papillary carcinomas are slow-growing, differentiated cancers that develop from follicular cells and can develop in one or both lobes of the thyroid gland.
This type of cancer may spread to nearby lymph nodes in the neck, but it is generally treatable with a good prognosis outlook for survival. Follicular carcinoma is the second most common type of thyroid cancer, and accounts for approximately one out of 10 cases. It is found more frequently in countries with an inadequate dietary intake of iodine.
Follicular carcinoma is also a differentiated form of thyroid cancer. In most cases, it is associated with a good prognosis, although it is somewhat more aggressive than papillary cancer.
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